Abstract
Nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes, managed with both orthodox and herbal remedies. Cucumis sativus is a creeping plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. Its edible fruits possess diverse pharmacological activities. This study investigated the effect of ethanolic extract of cucumis sativus pulp (EECSP) on alloxan induced renotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Thirty adult male Wistar rats weighing between 170-190g were purchased and acclimatized for 2 weeks and afterwards grouped into 6 groups (A-F) of 5 rats each. Group A (Control) received distilled water and rat feed ad libitum . Diabetes was induced in Groups B, C, D, and E with consequent renotoxicity using a single intraperitoneal injection of 150mg/kg of Alloxan after an overnight fast. Group C, D and E were afterwards treated with 100, 250 and 500mg/kg of ethanolic extract of cucumis sativus pulp respectively. Group F received 500mg/kg of EECSP. Extract administration was oral and once daily for 28days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected via ocular puncture and sera separated for kidney function test. The animals were sacrificed and their kidneys collected, and prepared for light microscopy. Results showed that treatment with EECSP caused a dose dependent restoration of kidney architecture and renal functions when compared with untreated alloxan group that showed severe distortions in renal architecture and higher than normal serum urea and creatinine levels. Ethanolic extract of cucumis sativus pulp thus caused a dose dependent ameliorative effect on alloxan induced diabetic nephropathy in adult male Wistar rats. Keywords : Nephropathy, diabetes, Cucumis sativus , alloxan DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-4-02
Highlights
The kidney is a paired bean shaped organ located retroperitoneally, on the posterior abdominal wall, that performs vital functions in the body such as maintenance of homeostasis and blood pressure; excretion of waste products; and secretion of hormones (Guyton and Hall, 2006)
2.3 Phytochemical Screening Phytochemical screening was carried out using a small portion of the ethanolic extract of Cucumis sativus pulp to determine the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and steroids using modified methods of Harborne, (1998), Tiwari et al, (2011), and Ebirien-Agana et al, (2016)
PLATE II (GROUP B) (H&E; X 400): Administered intraperitoneally, 150mg/kg of Alloxan only showing severe damaged on the renal tissue with severe necrosis of tubular cell (SNTC), coagulative necrosis of glomeruli (CNG) severe fatty change (SFC) and tubular necrosis (TN)
Summary
The kidney is a paired bean shaped organ located retroperitoneally, on the posterior abdominal wall, that performs vital functions in the body such as maintenance of homeostasis and blood pressure; excretion of waste products (urea, uric acid, and creatinine); and secretion of hormones (renin, and erythropoietin) (Guyton and Hall, 2006). C. sativus bears edible fruit that possess diverse pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, antacid, carminative, hepatoprotective, and wound healing activities, providing a significant role in the prevention and treatment of diseases (Jony et al, 2013) This is as a result of its nutritional (Vitamin B1, ascorbic acid, proteolytic enzyme, rutin, oxidase, succinic and maleic dehydrogenases) and phytochemical constituents (steroids, flavonoids, and tanins) (Kumar et al, 2010). Alloxan (2, 4, 5, 6-tetraoxypyrimidine; 2, 4, 5, 6-pyrimidinetetrone) is a pyrimidine derivative, and a toxic glucose analogue that selectively destroys insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas of experimental animal (Onyeka et al, 2013) This causes symptoms similar to type 1 diabetes in humans with consequent renotoxicity. 2.3 Phytochemical Screening Phytochemical screening was carried out using a small portion of the ethanolic extract of Cucumis sativus pulp to determine the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and steroids using modified methods of Harborne, (1998), Tiwari et al, (2011), and Ebirien-Agana et al, (2016)
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