Abstract
ABSTRACTAimAnimal bile preparations harvested from bears, cattle, and pigs are composed of distinct types of bile acids. Given that several types of bile acid activate the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) or Takeda G‐protein receptor 5 (TGR5) and thereby exert anti‐inflammatory effects, we compared the effects of the three animal bile preparations on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice.MethodsBear bile (BB), cattle bile (CB), and pig bile (PB) were orally given at 100 mg/kg/day during DSS treatment for 7 days. The colitis symptoms and the histological and biochemical markers of inflammatory response in the colon tissues were assessed.ResultsBB, CB, and PB similarly ameliorated the colitis symptoms in DSS‐treated mice. BB and CB but not PB attenuated inflammatory response in the colon tissues of DSS‐treated mice. The content of the bile acids agonistic to FXR and TGR5 was significantly increased by BB and CB but not by PB.ConclusionBB, CB, and PB are indistinguishable in ameliorating colitis symptoms in DSS‐treated mice. The differences, however, in the effects of the three animal bile preparations on colon inflammation may be due to the differences in the content of anti‐inflammatory bile acids.
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