Amelioration of Diabetic Dyslipidemia by GTF – 231 (Gymnemic acid, Trigonelline and Ferulic acid- 2:3:1), a phytochemical preparation Studied in High Fat Diet Fed-Low Dose STZ Induced Experimental Type 2 Diabetes in Rats

Sorimuthu Pillai Subramanian

doi:10.15436/2376-0494.18.1690

Abstract

Background: Persistent hyperglycemia in diabetes is associated with profound changes in lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities which result in particle distribution within lipoprotein classes. Recently, we have reported the antidiabetic properties of GTF-231 (Gymnemic acid, Trigonelline and Ferulic acid- 2:3:1) a phytochemical preparation in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of GTF-231 on the regulation of lipid homeostasis in T2DM induced rats.Materials and methods: High fat diet fed-low dose STZ induced experimental type 2 diabetes was used as the animal model. GTF at a concentration of 300 mg/kg.b.w./rat/day was orally administered for 30 days to experimental type 2 diabetic rats. The alterations in the levels of lipid profile in plasma, hepatic and renal tissues were studied. The activities of HMG CoA reductase was assayed in liver and kidney tissues of control and experimental groups of rats. The levels of lipid metabolizing enzymes such as lipoprotein lipase and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase in the plasma and hepatic tissues were assayed.Results: Oral administration of GTF-231 significantly normalized the altered levels of lipid profile in plasma, hepatic and renal tissues. Likewise, the decreased levels of HDL-c and increased levels of LDL-c and VLDL-c in plasma of diabetic rats were normalized upon treatment with GTF. Additionally, GTF-231 treatment significantly decreased the activity HMG-CoA reductase in the liver and kidney tissues. Decreased activities of lipid metabolizing enzymes such as lipoprotein lipase and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase in the plasma and hepatic tissues were normalized upon oral treatment with GTF-231.Conclusion: The data obtained are claimed to display synergistic, efficacious and agonistic/antagonistic actions of GTF-231 and the mixture of species in the phytochemical preparation shows better therapeutic effects at a relatively less concentration than either species on its own and the ameliorative potential of GTF-231 in diabetic dyslipidemia was comparable with metformin (200 mg/kg.b.w.).

Highlights

Both hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia share most of the common clinical features contributing to the development of microvascular as well as macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus[1]
Urine sugar detected in the diabetic rats was no longer present in the diabetic group treated with GTF-231 as well as metformin group
The chronic hyperglycemia in T2DM arises primarily due to the development of insulin resistance in the peripheral tissues[32,33] in association with insufficient secretion of insulin from the β-cells of pancreas which in turn associated with profound alterations in the plasma lipid and lipoprotein profile and with an increased risk of premature atherosclerosis, coronary insufficiency and myocardial infarction[34]

Summary

Introduction

Both hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia share most of the common clinical features contributing to the development of microvascular as well as macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus[1]. The prevalence of lipid abnormalities in patients with T2DM is twice as in the non-diabetic individuals because of the interaction among obesity, insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia It is more complex in T2DM than observed in individuals with type 1 diabetes because LDL-C levels are usually within the physiological range with controlled T1DM[3]. The levels of lipid metabolizing enzymes such as lipoprotein lipase and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase in the plasma and hepatic tissues were assayed. Results: Oral administration of GTF-231significantly normalized the altered levels of lipid profile in plasma, hepatic and renal tissues. Decreased activities of lipid metabolizing enzymes such as lipoprotein lipase and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase in the plasma and hepatic tissues were normalized upon oral treatment with GTF-231. Conclusion: The data obtained are claimed to display synergistic, efficacious and agonistic/antagonistic actions of GTF-231 and the mixture of species in the phytochemical preparation shows better therapeutic effects at a relatively less concentration than either species on its own and the ameliorative potential of GTF-231 in diabetic dyslipidemia was comparable with metformin (200 mg/kg.b.w.)

Methods

Results

Conclusion