Abstract
The main objective of the present research work was to study the effect of Cr toxicity and its amelioration by glycine betaine (GB) in sorghum (HJ 541 and SSG 59-3). Chromium (Cr VI), 2 and 4 ppm led to a significant reduction in plant height, root length, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes viz. catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, polyphenol oxidase, and superoxide dismutase; and metabolites viz. ascorbate, proline, and glutathione. The results of the present study supported the findings that the application of GB can minimize or reduce the toxic effects caused by Cr VI which reaches the plants via soil, water, and air pollution. It is concluded that GB at both 50, as well as 100 mM concentrations, successfully ameliorated Cr VI (up to 4 ppm) toxicity and its application may be recommended for crops affected by Cr VI toxicity to get better growth and yield.
Highlights
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a versatile crop of Poaceae family grown for food, fodder, and industrial revolutions
Glycine betaine (GB) ameliorated the toxic effect of Cr (VI) stress on plant growth, chlorophyll content, antioxidative enzymes, and metabolites reflecting a significant increase in their amounts
The effect of exogenously supplied GB on growth characters of Sorghum plants under Cr (VI) stress is shown in Figs 1 and 2
Summary
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a versatile crop of Poaceae family grown for food, fodder, and industrial revolutions. The growth and production of sorghum are usually affected by different abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, temperature, and heavy metal (HM) toxicity. The modern industrial activities like manufacturing of refractory steel, boring muds, coating of washing agents, catalytic creation, tanning of leather as well as manufacturing of chromic acid are the common sources of hexavalent Cr in the environment. In plants, it causes reduced photosynthesis, free radical generation, inhibition of plant growth, wilting of tops, chlorosis of young leaves, destruction of roots and death of the plant. There are some plant species which do not produce GB under normal or stressful conditions[19]
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