Ameliorating Effects of Croton Bonplandianus Leaves against Gentamicin Induced Acute Liver and Kidney Injury: A Biochemical and Histopathological Investigation

Abstract

The utilization of natural constituents for the treatment of various medical complaints is well established. The members of the Euphorbiaceae family, especially the Croton genus, are reported to be rich in diterpenoids and showing various biological activities. Many activities of Croton bonplandianus are still unfolded therefore, current study is designed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of aqueous extract of C. bonplandianus against gentamicin-induced liver and kidney injuries in rats. The aqueous extract of leaves (27-81 mg/kg) was administered to albino rats Wistar strain for eight days with concurrent administration of gentamicin (100 mg/kg) daily. The protective effect of the aqueous extracts on the liver was determined by liver function tests (SGPT, ALT, GGT, Bilirubin) and kidney functions were evaluated by assessment of plasma biomarkers including urea, creatinine, uric acid and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate). Histopathological studies of liver and kidney tissue were carried out by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H& E) staining confirmation of the consequences. Significant alterations in liver and kidney tissues treated groups with aqueous extracts of leaves were obtained in lower doses (27-54 mg/kg). Similarly, serum levels of SGPT, ALT, GGT, bilirubin, creatinine, and urea in the treated group were significantly reduced (P < 0.01) at similar doses, whereas no significant changes were founded in levels of ions and uric acids. The histological examination of the liver and kidney confirmed the biochemical changes in treated rats. The underlying results demonstrate the protective effect of aqueous leave extracts Croton bonplandianus on an acute liver and kidney injury rat model. The hepato and renal protective effects of C. bonplandianus are certainly due to the presence of diterpenoids flavonoids and polyphenols exhibiting free radical or oxygen scavenging activities. Keywords: Croton bonplandianus , gentamicin, histopathological studies, nephroprotective effect. https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.3.15