Abstract
Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 isolated from fish gut is very effective in detoxifying aflatoxins in feed and feed ingredients. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of B. subtilis ANSB060 on growth performance, body antioxidant functions, and aflatoxin residues in ducks fed moldy maize naturally contaminated with aflatoxins. A total of 1500 18-d-old male Cherry Valley ducks with similar body weight were randomly assigned to five treatments with six replicates of 50 ducks per repeat. The experiment design consisted of five dietary treatments labeled as C0 (basal diet containing 60% normal maize), M0 (basal diet containing 60% moldy maize contaminated with aflatoxins substituted for normal maize), M500, M1000, and M2000 (M0 +500, 1000 or 2000 g/t aflatoxin biodegradation preparation mainly consisted of B. subtilis ANSB060). The results showed that ducks fed 22.44 ± 2.46 μg/kg of AFB1 (M0) exhibited a decreasing tendency in average daily gain (ADG) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in serum, and T-SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the liver significantly decreased along with the appearance of AFB1 and AFM1 compared with those in Group C0. The supplementation of B. subtilis ANSB060 into aflatoxin-contaminated diets increased the ADG of ducks (p > 0.05), significantly improved antioxidant enzyme activities, and reduced aflatoxin accumulation in duck liver. In conclusion, Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 in diets showed an ameliorating effect to duck aflatoxicosis and may be a promising feed additive.
Highlights
Aflatoxins (AF) are secondary toxic metabolites produced by certain fungi belonging to the genusAspergillus and can occur as natural contaminants of poultry food [1,2,3,4,5]
The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of aflatoxin biodegradation preparation (B. subtilis ANSB060) on growth performance, body antioxidant functions, and aflatoxin residues in ducks fed maize naturally contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)
There were no significant difference on average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) among ducks fed basal diet without AFB1 (C0), a moldy diet naturally contaminated with AFB1 (M0), and diets (M500, M1000, and M2000) naturally contaminated with
Summary
Aflatoxins (AF) are secondary toxic metabolites produced by certain fungi belonging to the genusAspergillus and can occur as natural contaminants of poultry food [1,2,3,4,5]. Toxins 2017, 9, 1 the liver with a reaction catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 isozymes, forming adducts with the guanine base of DNA, resulting in the toxicity of AFB1 [7,8]. Feeds contaminated with AFB1 can result in aflatoxicosis in poultry [9,10]. Many studies have found that feeding grains contaminated with AFB1 , either naturally or purified, can reduce growth performance and immunity ability, alter intestinal morphology and blood biochemistry parameters, and damage liver and kidney tissues in broilers [11,12]. Residues of aflatoxins and their metabolites may be present in meat and other products of animals fed rations contaminated with aflatoxins and potentially result in health problems in human
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