Ameliorating Effect on Aβ-Induced Alzheimer's Mice by Litsea cubeba Persoon Powder.

Kuan-Tseng Lee,Chen-Yeon Chu,Shen-Shih Chiang

doi:10.3390/molecules26185709

Kuan-Tseng Lee, Chen-Yeon Chu + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185709

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Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is caused by excessive oxidative damage and aging. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-dementia effect of LCP fruit powder on amyloid β (Aβ)-induced Alzheimer’s mice. The composition of LCP essential oil was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In addition, the water maze was used to evaluate the learning and memorizing abilities of the mice. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, phosphorylated τ-protein, and the deposition of Aβ plaques in mouse brains were also assessed. The results showed that the main components of essential oils in LCP and d-limonene, neral, and geranial contents were 14.15%, 30.94%, and 31.74%, respectively. Furthermore, oral administration with different dosages of LCP significantly decreased the escape time (21.25~33.62 s) and distance (3.23~5.07 m) in the reference memory test, and increased the duration time (26.14~28.90 s) and crossing frequency (7.00~7.88 times) in the target zone of probe test (p < 0.05). LCP also inhibited the contents of MDA and the phosphor-τ-protein from oxidative stress, reduced the brain atrophy by about 3~8%, and decreased the percentage of Aβ plaques from 0.44 to 0.05%. Finally, it was observed that the minimum dosage of LCP fruit powder (LLCP, 30.2 mg/day) could prevent oxidative stress induced by Aβ and subsequently facilitate memory and learning deficits in Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and cognitively impaired mice.

Highlights

Population aging has become a common social phenomenon in the 21st century, and it has a severe impact on the political, economic, and social aspects of various countries [1].Senile dementia is a neurodegenerative disease caused by aging and excessive oxidative damage in the body
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by amyloid β (Aβ) plaque deposition, and tau protein hyperphosphorylation (Phosphorylated tau protein, p-tau) causes nerve fibers to entangle in the hippocampal gyrus, leading to a loss of memory, learning ability and cognitive dysfunction [4]
The Listea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon (LCP) fruits were collected on August 7, 2016, with an elevation height of 400–500 m in Qingliu tribe, Nantou, Taiwan

Summary

Introduction

Senile dementia is a neurodegenerative disease caused by aging and excessive oxidative damage in the body. Among the types of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent and has caused the medical burden of the aging society in various countries to increase [2,3]. In the middle stage (2 to 5 years), the patients can no longer live alone as they often cannot cook, clean, or shop and may hallucinate. In the latest stage (more than five years), patients are incapable of communicating and walking, have bladder and bowel incontinence, and are confined to a wheelchair or bed, followed by death [5,6,7,8]. World Alzheimer Report: The Global Impact of Dementia: An. Analysis of Prevalence, Incidence, Cost and Trends; Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI): London, UK, 2015; pp.

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