Abstract
In the entire world, about 200 million populations are exposed to arsenic poisoning in groundwater. Arsenic is a very poisonous metalloid and has three allotropic forms. The toxic inorganic arsenic is converted and utilized metabolically into organic form. It is primarily eliminated out from the human body through metabolic wastes like urine and is also deposited in the hair, nails and skin of the affected ones. Arsenic is known to be a carcinogen as Carcinogen category 1 in the forms of arsenic trioxide, arsenic pentoxide, arsenous acids, arsenic acid and their salts. The arsenic also affects the epidermal system, the nervous system and the vascular system of humans. In the present investigation for toxicological evaluation of arsenic Liver Function Tests & Kidney Function Tests have been considered. It is presumed that medicinal plants have significance in the present day in view of the lethal diseases like AIDS, cancer, hepatitis, nephritis sterility too for which no effective drugs are found till today in modern system of medicine. Medicinal plant based drugs generally have no side effects or the least side effect. Thus to evaluate an ameliorating effect, if any, to mitigate the arsenic toxicity in mice, for which Cucumis sativus (cucumbers) has been taken as curative measure. Sodium arsenite at the dose of 3 mg/kg body weight was administered for 4 weeks followed by the administration of Cucumis sativus (cucumbers) for 4 and 6 weeks at dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. Their biochemical levels like liver and kidney function tests were assayed and were found with elevated levels. But, after administration of aqueous extract of Cucumis sativus (cucumbers), there was significant amelioration in the biochemical levels. The protective effect of Cucumis sativus (cucumbers) was shown in the form of normalization of enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities represented by normalization of liver and kidney functions.
Highlights
Arsenic is a systemic poison, and chronic ingestion of arsenic can lead to a wide range of health problems, which are collectively called arsenicosis or chronic arsenic poisoning
Sodium arsenite at the dose of 3 mg/kg body weight was administered for 4 weeks followed by the administration of Cucumis sativus for 4 and 6 weeks at dose of 500 mg/kg body weight
Following the Cucumis sativus treatments, after 6 weeks the Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamate Oxalate Transaminase (SGOT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Bilirubin concentrations in the arsenic-treated mice decreased from 209.7 ± 6.74 U/ml to 54.00 ± 2.18 U/ml in SGPT level, from 128.7 ± 2.60 U/ml to 36.33 ± 1.32 U/ml in SGOT level, from 29.67 ± 1.76 K.A
Summary
Arsenic is a systemic poison, and chronic ingestion of arsenic can lead to a wide range of health problems, which are collectively called arsenicosis or chronic arsenic poisoning. The effects include skin lesions, cancer of the skin, lung a bladder, and gastro-intestinal and pulmonary condition. In the recent times it has caused serious health issues in the population worldwide. Arsenic toxicity through groundwater arsenic contamination is the world’s biggest natural groundwater calamities which got a huge impact on global public health. India is facing the consequences of arsenic poisoning mainly in the area of Ganga Brahmaputra fluvial plains. Arsenic is considered to be major environmental health disaster [1] [2] [3]. It is estimated that more than 200 million people are exposed to high level (
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