Abstract
Novel approaches to ameliorating chronic kidney disease (CKD) are warranted as most patients are undiagnosed until they begin displaying symptoms of kidney failure. There is increasing evidence that a whole food plant-based (WFPB) diet may offer benefits that slow the progression of CKD, decrease the incidence cardiovascular disease, decrease rates of diabetes and obesity, and reduce inflammation and cholesterol, which in turn can delay kidney failure and the initiation of dialysis. While animal-based protein ingestion promotes an acidic environment, inflammation and renal hyperfiltration, study authors report plant-based protein can be alkaline-producing and anti-inflammatory and can contain renoprotective properties. Although there may be benefits to adopting a WFPB diet, macronutrient and micronutrient content should be carefully considered and adjusted to avoid malnutrition in CKD patients. Further research needs to be done in order to establish the biological plausibility and feasibility of a WFPB in individuals with diagnosed CKD.
Highlights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the top ten leading causes of premature mortality in the United States (U.S.), and its incidence is increasing [1,2]
This study reported a pattern of eating that reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) and TIIDM risk factors and comorbidities of CKD through a whole food plant-based (WFPB) diet
The goal of this review is to summarize the current evidence for a WFPB dietary intervention and give an overview of how comorbid conditions of CKD, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality rates can be ameliorated with a WFPB diet (Figure 1)
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the top ten leading causes of premature mortality in the United States (U.S.), and its incidence is increasing [1,2]. CKD patients will be placed on a renal diet that focuses on reducing individual macronutrient and micronutrient food items such as protein, potassium, phosphorus and sodium, which can slow CKD progression and symptoms of the disease [20]. This study reported a pattern of eating that reduces CVD and TIIDM risk factors and comorbidities of CKD through a whole food plant-based (WFPB) diet. This dietary pattern, similar to a vegan diet, focuses on plant products, while eliminating or minimizing all animal products including meat, fish, eggs and dairy.
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