Abstract
Congenital ptosis may be associated with abnormalities of visual development and function, including amblyopia, strabismus and refractive errors. However, the prevalence estimates of these abnormalities vary widely. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of amblyopia, strabismus and refractive errors in congenital ptosis. Cochrane, Pubmed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched by July 2017. We used random/fixed effects models based on a proportion approach to estimate the prevalence. Heterogeneity would be considered signifcant if the p values less than 0.1 and/or I2 greater than 50%. Subgroup analyses, meta-regression analyses and sensitivity analyses were utilized to explore the potential sources of it. A total of 24 studies selected from 3,633 references were included. The highest prevalence was revealed for myopia with 30.2% (95%CI 3.0–69.8%), followed by 22.7% (95%CI 18.5–27.8%) for amblyopia, 22.2% (95%CI 7.8–63.1%) for astigmatism, 19.6% (95%CI 16.5–23.2%) for strabismus, 17.3% (95% CI 13.1–22.9%) for anisometropia and 4.0% for hyperopia (95%CI 1.8–7.1%). Significant heterogeneity was identified across most estimates. Our findings suggest that amblyopia, strabismus and refractive errors in congenital ptosis are present in much higher percentage. This study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and timely treatment of patients with congenital ptosis.
Highlights
IntroductionStrabismus and refractive errors have aroused much more attention globally over the past decades
Amblyopia, strabismus and refractive errors have aroused much more attention globally over the past decades
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 24 studies involving 2,589 individuals demonstrated the prevalence of amblyopia, strabismus and refractive errors in congenital ptosis
Summary
Strabismus and refractive errors have aroused much more attention globally over the past decades. It has been reported that the prevalence of amblyopia, strabismus and refractive errors among patients with congenital ptosis were much higher than those among the general population. To the best of our knowledge, the prevalence of amblyopia, strabismus and refractive errors among patients with congenital ptosis vary widely across studies and have not been systemically reviewed. Against this background, we conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis of eligible observational studies of the prevalence of amblyopia, strabismus and refractive errors in congenital ptosis Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J.Y. (email: yejuan@ zju.edu.cn) www.nature.com/scientificreports/
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