Ambivalencia y orden colonial español en el Sahara Occidental: (1969-1973)

Abstract

In this article we explore the dynamics of colonial relations in Western Sahara . The Spanish colonial penetration in Western Sahara since 1884 was partial, slow and incomplete . Only since 1958, which could be considered the beginning of a “second colonization”, substantive changes were colonial relations with the aim of developing the Spanish Sahara as a Spanish province and ensuring effective control of its borders with neighboring territories, which were formed as independent countries: Morocco, Mauritania and Algeria. The paternalistic nature of Spanish colonization and the Saharawi society participation from tribal organizational structures produced a specific type of colonial relations, different to that given in the neighboring territories. Such relationships have been considered by both parties as family and weak. However, there were moments in the history of Western Sahara where these colonial relationships acquired most dramatic dyes (particularly around the years 1930-1934/1956-1958). Since 1969 emerges the organization led by Mohamed Ould El Hadj Brahim Ould Lebsir, known for Basiri. Zemla violent repression of the June 17, 1970, which led to the disappearance of the Sahrawi leader, resulted the emergence of Polisario, 1973, which promoted the fight for the independence of Western Sahara. With the majority support of the Sahrawi population, the colonial relationships revealed their true limits. Starting from the life stories of Saharawi people lived by a series of extremes in 1970, 1974 and 1975, this 1. El gobierno espanol promovio el PUNS (Partido de Union Nacional Saharuis), en un intento de dividir a la poblacion saharaui introduciendo una organizacion afin a sus intereses. Este proyecto constituyo un fracaso, porque fue una iniciativa tardia, por la oposicion general de la poblacion saharaui movilizada en torno al Frente Polisario, y por la desercion del principal dirigente del partido, JaliHenna Rachid, que