Abstract
In view of the recognized importance of electrostatic fields regarding turbulent transport, the radial electric field in a tokamak with magnetic field ripple is reconsidered. Terms in the ambipolarity condition involving the radial derivative of the field are derived from an extended drift-kinetic equation, including effects of second order in the gyroradius. Such terms are of interest in part because of their known importance in rotational relaxation equations for the axisymmetric case. The electric field is found to satisfy a nonlinear differential equation that is universal in a certain sense, and that implies spatial relaxation of the potential to its conventionally predicted value.
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