Abstract
On-site signal amplification for bioelectronic sensing is a desirable approach to improving recorded signal quality and to reducing the burden on signal transmission and back-end electronics. While organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have been used as local transducers of bioelectronic signals, their current output presents challenges for implementation. OECT-based circuits offer new opportunities for high-performance signal processing. In this work, we introduce an active sensing node based on cofacial vertical OECTs forming an ambipolar complementary inverter. The inverter, which shows a voltage gain of 28, is composed of two OECTs on opposite side walls of a single active area, resulting in a footprint identical to a planar OECT. The inverter is used as an analog voltage preamplifier for recording electrocardiogram signals when biased at the input voltage corresponding to peak gain. We further demonstrate compatibility with nontraditional fabrication methods with potential benefits for rapid prototyping and large-area printed electronics.
Highlights
Bioelectronic recordings traditionally decouple front-end signal transduction from downstream signal processing [1, 2]
By simultaneously patterning two Vertical OECTs (vOECTs) along opposite side walls of a single active area, we form a cofacial pair of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) that will later form the basis for a complementary inverter (Fig. 1, A and B)
These structures are fabricated photolithographically, whereby two metallic layers separated by an insulating layer of parylene C (PaC) serve as the source and drain (S/D) contacts and interconnects
Summary
Bioelectronic recordings traditionally decouple front-end signal transduction (biochemical, biophysical, and electrophysiological detection) from downstream signal processing (amplification, filtering, or feature detection) [1, 2]. Imparting additional functionality to a sensing node is an approach gaining notable attention, as it may lead to yet more integrated, higher performing, and lower power systems [1, 4, 6]. Additional functionality can include multimodal or multimarker sensors that allow for measurement of simultaneous complementary biomarkers at the same sensing site or on-site analog signal processing [4, 10,11,12]. This on-site or in-sensor signal processing could further provide instantaneous feedback and enable future low power closed-loop devices that perform diagnostic and treatment functions [13, 14]. To realize compact form factors and amplification at a single sensing site, we turn to recent developments in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), a rising class of polymer-based bioelectronic components
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