Abstract
Linear antenna arrays (LAs) can be used to accurately predict the direction of arrival (DOAs) of various targets of interest in a given area. However, under certain conditions, LA suffers from the problem of ambiguities among the angles of targets, which may result in misinterpretation of such targets. In order to cope up with such ambiguities, various techniques have been proposed. Unfortunately, none of them fully resolved such a problem because of rank deficiency and high computational cost. We aimed to resolve such a problem by proposing an algorithm using differential geometry. The proposed algorithm uses a specially designed doublet antenna array, which is made up of two individual linear arrays. Two angle observation models, ambiguous observation model (AOM) and estimated observation model (EOM), are derived for each individual array. The ambiguous set of angles is contained in the AOM, which is obtained from the corresponding array elements using differential geometry. The EOM for each array, on the other hand, contains estimated angles of all sources impinging signals on each array, as calculated by a direction-finding algorithm such as the genetic algorithm. The algorithm then contrasts the EOM of each array with its AOM, selecting the output of that array whose EOM has the minimum correlation with its corresponding AOM. In comparison to existing techniques, the proposed algorithm improves estimation accuracy and has greater precision in antenna aperture selection, resulting in improved resolution capabilities and the potential to be used more widely in practical scenarios. The simulation results using MATLAB authenticates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Highlights
Source localization through an array of sensors is always been a significant research direction in the past decades and even today and is widely utilized in various fields including radar, sonar, wireless communication and acoustics [1,2,3,4]
We aim to design a new array in such a way that it includes two different linear arrays i.e., array 1 and array 2, both having different sensor positions, which makes it a doublet antenna array. r 1 is the vector which represents the location of sensors for array 1 (A1) and r 2 is the vector which represent the location of sensors for array 2 (A2)
The proposed doublet antenna array is used for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of 5 sources, along with direction finding algorithm i.e., Genetic Algorithm (GA) implemented in Matlab R2014b
Summary
Source localization through an array of sensors is always been a significant research direction in the past decades and even today and is widely utilized in various fields including radar, sonar, wireless communication and acoustics [1,2,3,4]. While increasing the spacing amongst the sensors of the linear antenna array from half-wavelength, better resolution is achieved, under certain particular conditions, the array offers ambiguity among the angles of sources, and all these high-resolution algorithms generate an ambiguous error in the process of DOA estimation and the wrong estimation of DOA is achieved, which has a direct impact on the application of antenna array. This may result in misinterpretation of the target of interest [10]. The larger the aperture of the array of sensors, the better the resolution achieved and more the array suffers from potential ambiguities [12]
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