Abstract
In this study, the electrically driven perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) were investigated by hybridizing the organic polyethylene oxide, 1,3,5-tris (N-phenylbenzimiazole-2-yl) benzene (TPBi), and bis(3,5-difluoro-2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl-(2-carboxypyridyl) iridium III (FIrpic) with CsPbBr3 in the emission layer and adopting the colloidal NiOx nanoparticle (NP) hole transport layer. The synthesized NiOx NPs, having an average size of ~5 nm, can be spin-coated to become a smooth and close-packed film on the indium–tin–oxide anode. The NiOx NP layer possesses an overall transmittance of ~80% at 520 nm, which is about the peak position of electroluminescence (EL) spectra of CsPbBr3 emission layer. The coating procedures of NiOx NP and CsPbBr3 layers were carried out in ambient air. The novel PeLED turned on at 2.4 V and emitted bright EL of 4456 cd/m2 at 7 V, indicating the remarkable nonradiative-related defect elimination by organic additive addition and significant charge balance achieved by the NiOx NP layer.
Highlights
Lead halide perovskites have gained extensive research attention for their excellent characteristics and flexibility on electronic and optoelectronic applications [1,2,3]
A very low turn-on voltage of 2.4 V, a maximum brightness of 4456 cd/m2, and a high current efficiency of 2.9 cd/A were achieved in the novel perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) with a multiple-additive-assisted EML
By adding 3 mL of the hydrobromic acid (HBr) into the transparent PbBr2 /CsBr solution, the orange CsPbBr3 powder was obtained after subjecting the turbid solution to centrifugation and vacuum drying the precipitates overnight
Summary
Lead halide perovskites have gained extensive research attention for their excellent characteristics and flexibility on electronic and optoelectronic applications [1,2,3]. Organic, inorganic, and hybrid lead halide perovskites in forms of sol-gel solution, nanocrystals, bulk single crystals, polycrystalline powder, and thin solid films were demonstrated for highly efficient photovoltaic solar cells and photoluminescent/electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (LEDs) [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Coatings 2020, 10, 336 the poor performance of inorganic PeLEDs is the low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the deposited CsPbBr3 thin film, no matter how the film is deposited or what the composition of the film is, sol-gel or nanocrystals. Owing to the very specific valance band maximum (VBM), the inorganic lead halide perovskites do not match well with the poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) which is an excellent hole transport material in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [14]. A very low turn-on voltage of 2.4 V, a maximum brightness of 4456 cd/m2 , and a high current efficiency of 2.9 cd/A were achieved in the novel PeLED with a multiple-additive-assisted EML
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