Abstract
This second of two parts continues with the development of a framework for understanding air quality issues and their relationship to human health. Recognized health effects associated with air pollution are described and current controversies regarding ozone and PM10are briefly outlined. Epidemiological methods of investigating air quality effects are discussed, comparing recent landmark studies in Canada. Comparative prevalence studies do not reflect the state of the art in air pollution epidemiology but are frequently cited and conducted in Canada as if they were definitive. The implications of setting air quality standards and objectives on this basis or to meet arbitrary levels of risk of health effects are examined. The current state of the art does not support risk-based air quality standards. A policy of continuous improvement is most protective of both human health and the environment.
Highlights
This second of two parts continues with the development of a framework for understanding air quality issues and their relationship to human health
HEALTH EFFECTS AND AIR QUALITY Current thinking about air pollution has been shaped in the past by several catastrophic exposure incidents earlier in this century
Effects observed in populations Human health effects are well known to occur as a result of exposure to air pollutants [1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
Summary
Presumed heavy SO2 Heavy SO2; ZnNH2SO4 may have been present Coal-fuelled home heating and industrial emissions, high. SO2 and particulates, sulphates Advance warning issued to ill and elderly thought to have lowered mortality rate by permitting protective measures, same exposures as in 1952
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