Ambient Air Pollution And The Cardiovascular System Disease

Abstract

Introduction Mongolia, a landlocked country, is located in Central Asia. Its higher altitude combines with wind to intensify the semi-arid climate. The purpose is to determine the relationships between air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and SO2) and meteorological parameters (average temperature, humidity, and wind speed) with CVD in Ulaanbaatar. Material and methods Sampling unit is a total number of morbidity cases of CVD at the selected study hospitals. Data were collected during 370 days, from 1 June 2008 to 5 of June 2009. Result The highest numbers of cases were registered during the spring (9964, 31.7%) and the lowest cases were registered during the summer (4236, 13.5%). Average temperature (r=-0.395, p=0.000001) and air velocity (r=-0.221, p=0.013) were inversely correlated with cardiovascular disease admissions. Sulfur dioxide (r=0.295, p=0.001), PM10 (r=0.295, p=0.0001) and PM2.5 (r=0.339, p=0.0001) were directly correlated with cardiovascular disease admission. For the CVD admission cases, 19.5% of the variability in CVD admissions can be explained by average temperature, PM10 and PM2.5 level. In the summer season, 17.4% of the variability in CVD admissions can be explained by air velocity. In the autumn season, 5.4% of the variability in CVD admissions can be explained by PM10 level. In the winter season, 37.2% of the variability in CVD admissions can be explained by relative humidity, NO2, and PM10 level. In the spring season, 25.4% of the variability in CVD admissions can be explained by SO2. Conclusion The correlation mainly between CVD case admissions with meteorological parameters is because the cold winter conditions in Ulaanbaatar result in the accumulation of pollutants in the atmosphere. Thus, population exposure to air pollution is increase significantly during winter months. During winter CVD caused due to relative humidity, NO2, and PM10 level. PM2.5 exposure for CVD admission was significantly higher than the PM10 level.