Abstract
BackgroundEvidence shows exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation, but the results for birth defects have been inconsistent.MethodsThe data on birth defects was collected from the Birth Defects Monitoring Network of Haikou city. Air pollution data for PM10, SO2 and NO2 were obtained from Haikou Environmental Monitoring Center. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate these associations.ResultsThe risk of birth defects was related to PM10 levels (adjusted OR = 1.039; 95% CI = 1.016-1.063) and SO2 levels (adjusted OR = 0.843; 95% CI = 0.733-0.969) for the second month of pregnancy. In the third month of pregnancy, the risk of birth defects was also related to PM10 levels (adjusted OR = 1.066; 95% CI = 1.043-1.090) and SO2 levels (adjusted OR = 0.740; 95% CI = 0.645-0.850).ConclusionThe study provides evidence that exposure to PM10 and SO2 during the second and third month of pregnancy may associated with the risk of birth defects.
Highlights
Evidence shows exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation, but the results for birth defects have been inconsistent
In the three-pollutant models, the risk of birth defects was related to PM10 levels and SO2 levels for the second month of pregnancy
In the third month of pregnancy, the risk of birth defects was related to PM10 levels
Summary
Evidence shows exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation, but the results for birth defects have been inconsistent. Air pollution has become a common problem in many countries. Children and pregnant women are especially vulnerable to the adverse impacts of air pollution [2]. Recent epidemiologic studies in different countries have indicated that there is association between ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation [3,4,5,6,7]. The study conducted in Southern California showed that ambient CO was positively associated with an increased risk of ventricular
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