Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma of the Uterine Corpus: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare tumor of uncertain histogenesis, mainly localized in the extremities and less frequently found in the head, neck and trunk. The present report describes two cases of ASPS localized in the uterus. In general, this entity is very rarely encountered in the female genital tract. Including the two cases presented here, 27 patients have been described in the literature. Whereas the prognosis for ASPS in soft tissues is usually poor (most of the patients died of lung metastases), those localized in the female genital tract are associated with a much better survival. This could be explained by the fact that their diameter seldom exceeds 5 cm, the size which is regarded as being the critical prognostic limit. Histologically, both tumors showed the same characteristics as known for ASPS in other localizations: organoid or nest-like arrangement of tumor cells; rounded or polygonal cells with cytoplasm of varying density; thin-walled, sinusoidal vascular spaces between tumor cell nests. Immunohistochemically, we found positivity for desmin and, to a lesser extent, for vimentin. Cytokeratin was negative, which is important in differential diagnosis to other rare uterine neoplasias like clear cell (mesonephroid) adenocarcinomas or metastases.