Alveolar bone repair of rhesus monkeys by using BMP-2 gene and mesenchymal stem cells loaded three-dimensional printed bioglass scaffold

Liyan Wang,Weikang Xu,Yang Chen,Jingjing Wang

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54551-x

Liyan Wang, Weikang Xu + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54551-x

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Abstract

Over the past years, the study about bone tissue engineering in the field of regenerative medicine has been a main research topic. Using three-dimensional (3D) porous degradable scaffold complexed with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and growth factor gene to improve bone tissue repair and regeneration has raised much interest. This study mainly evaluated the osteogenesis of alveolar bone defects of animal in the following experimental groups: sham-operated (SO), 3D printed bioglass (3D-BG), 3D-BG with BMP-2 gene loaded CS (3D-BG + BMP/CS) and 3D-BG with rhesus marrow bone MSCs and BMP/CS (3D-BG + BMP/CS + rBMSCs). Simulated human bone defect with critical size of 10 × 10 × 5 mm were established in quadrumana - rhesus monkeys, and in vivo osteogenesis was characterized by X-ray, micro-Computed Tomography (mCT) and history. Our results revealed that 3D-BG + rBMSCs + BMP/CS scaffold could improve bone healing best by showing its promote osteogenic properties in vivo. Considering the great bone repair capacity of 3D-BG + BMP/CS + rBMSCs in humanoid primate rhesus monkeys, it could be a promising therapeutic strategy for surgery trauma or accidents, especially for alveolar bones defects.

Highlights

Over the past years, the study about bone tissue engineering in the field of regenerative medicine has been a main research topic
It can be observed that the fibers of 3D printed bioglass (3D-BG) scaffolds were formed by accumulating of BG microspheres, and good filamentous adhesions can be seen between the microspheres (Fig. 1a)
The 3D-BG scaffolds were characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM for evaluation of apatite formation ability after reaction in simulated body fluid (SBF)

Summary

Introduction

The study about bone tissue engineering in the field of regenerative medicine has been a main research topic. Using three-dimensional (3D) porous degradable scaffold complexed with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and growth factor gene to improve bone tissue repair and regeneration has raised much interest. This study mainly evaluated the osteogenesis of alveolar bone defects of animal in the following experimental groups: sham-operated (SO), 3D printed bioglass (3D-BG), 3D-BG with BMP-2 gene loaded CS (3D-BG + BMP/CS) and 3D-BG with rhesus marrow bone MSCs and BMP/CS (3D-BG + BMP/CS + rBMSCs). There are many methods including salting out, freeze-drying and particle filtration for preparing 3D-printed bioaglass (3D-BG) scaffolds. Traditional animal models of periodontal bone defects are mostly established in small and medium-sized animals such as dogs and rabbits[17] These animals have less overall similarity with humans, which affecting the effectiveness and reliability of the results. Its species is close to humans’, but its anatomical and functional state of periodontal system is similar to humans’ too[18]

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