Abstract
Six young Murrah male buffalo calves, 7 to 9 months old, weighing 165–200 kg, were exposed to solar radiation during summer (Dbmin. 27.1°C, Dbmax. 44.1°C) . The surface temperature at forehead, back middle, pinna, neckmiddle, rump, foreleg and hindlegs were recorded using a non-contact temperature measuring instrument. Respiration rate and rectal temperature were recorded coincidently at hourly intervals. The difference between mean of minimum and maximum temperature, at forehead (20.09°C), back middle (22.33°C), foreleg (lower, 18.50°C), pinna (18.21°C) were higher than the temperature gradient of neck middle (13.96°C), rump (16.13°C), foreleg upper (14.75°C), hindleg upper (14.58°C), hindleg lower (15.84°C). The surface temperature at all sites increased in relation to the length of radiation exposure. During summer when ambient temperature and solar radiation was maximum, young buffaloes were not able to maintain their normal rectal temperature and increased pulmonary frequency by 5–6 times, protruded tongue, and increased salivary activity. Therefore, young buffaloes should be protected from extreme hot conditions and direct sun exposure be avoided.
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