Abstract
An incredible amount of joss fly ash is produced from the burning of Chinese holy joss paper; thus, an excellent method of recycling joss fly ash waste to extract aluminosilicate nanocomposites is explored. The present research aims to introduce a novel method to recycle joss fly ash through a simple and straightforward experimental procedure involving acidic and alkaline treatments. The synthesized aluminosilicate nanocomposite was characterized to justify its structural and physiochemical characteristics. A morphological analysis was performed with field-emission transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy revealed the size of the aluminosilicate nanocomposite to be ~25 nm, while also confirming a uniformly spherical-shaped nanostructure. The elemental composition was measured by energy dispersive spectroscopy and revealed the Si to Al ratio to be 13.24 to 7.96, showing the high purity of the extracted nanocomposite. The roughness and particle distribution were analyzed using atomic force microscopy and a zeta analysis. X-ray diffraction patterns showed a synthesis of faceted and cubic aluminosilicate crystals in the nanocomposites. The presence of silica and aluminum was further proven by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the functional groups were recognized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermal capacity of the nanocomposite was examined by a thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, the research suggested the promising application of aluminosilicate nanocomposites as drug carriers. The above was justified by an enzyme-linked apta-sorbent assay, which claimed that the limit of the aptasensing aluminosilicate-conjugated ampicillin was two-fold higher than that in the absence of the nanocomposite. The drug delivery property was further justified through an antibacterial analysis against Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Bacillus subtilis (gram-positive).
Highlights
An increasing amount of fly ash is being produced at an alarming rate throughout the world, and it is not a simple subject to be neglected
We focus on showing the drug-carrier and drug-delivery potentials of aluminosilicates synthesized from joss paper
Pure aluminosilicate nanocomposites were synthesized from joss fly ash waste in an appropriate nanoscale size of ~25 nm that appeared to be uniformly distributed as sphere-shaped particles
Summary
Santheraleka Ramanathan[1], Subash C. The J3 sample obtained from the acid-treated joss fly ash was added to the prepared NaOH solution. The plates were incubated overnight at 37 °C to analyze the drug delivery properties of aluminosilicate nanocomposites synthesized from joss fly ash. The formation of crystallized aluminosilicate nanocomposites [Fig. 3a (J5)] was clearly observed during the titration of alkaline-treated joss fly ash solution to neutral conditions. FETEM analysis was conducted on the experimental samples of joss fly ash to study the morphology of each sample and obtain a precise size of the particle.
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