Abstract
Alum is widely used in water treatment because of its many advantages, of which its relative low cost and worldwide availability have ensured it to be the coagulant of choice for emergency water treatment. However, in certain circumstances, its use may leave an undesirable coagulant aluminium residual in the finished water. Such residuals can generate (unwarranted) fear over the use of this useful coagulant (particularly among the misinformed). This article is focused on clarifying topics related to aluminium residuals, such as its occurrence, health risks, significance in emergency water treatment, measurement, and control strategies. These issues are discussed in view of the practical constraints faced in the field during emergencies and where appropriate contrasted with conventional (non-emergency) practice. Emergency water treatment sludge disposal and alternative coagulants to alum are also addressed.
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