Abstract
Starvation during prolonged stationary phase is one of the most common stressful conditions for bacteria. Bacteria possess elaborate mechanisms to cope with such stress and reduce its negative impact on fitness and survival. Salmonella typhimurium responds to such stress by activating epigenetic systems that drastically affect cellular physiology. The cells enter stationary phase in a more stress-resistant form owing to an increased capacity to protect and repair proteins and nucleic acids. Consequently, they become very resistant to diverse stress conditions such as heat shock, oxidative stress, acidity and extreme osmolarity. Most of those responses have been described as being regulated by transcription factor σS. However, other inducible genetic systems might be involved in stationary phase survival.
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