Abstract
Studies of the causes of ethnic conflict are unlikely to lead to ethnic harmony, since societal malfunctions usually come too late in the historical process for interventive strategies. Instead, there must be a vision of the conditions for ethnic peace. Some fifteen such visions exist—military hegemonism, assimilationism, nationalism, capitalism, separatism, economic interdependence theory, egalitarianism, democratization theory, amalgamationism, integrationism, consociational democracy, Gramscian hegemonism, communitarianism, political mobilization theoy, and nonviolence theory. Some of the approaches are to be discarded on moral grounds, several have been tried but failed, whereas others remain to be tested empirically.
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