Abstract
Insect odorant receptors are key sensors of environmental odors and members of the lepidopteran pheromone receptor subfamily are thought to play important roles in mate finding by recognizing sex pheromones. Much research has been done to identify putative pheromone receptors in lepidopteran males, but little attention has been given to female counterparts. In this study, degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed against a conserved amino acid region in the C-terminus of lepidopteran pheromone receptors were used in 3’ RACE reactions to identify candidate pheromone receptors expressed in the antennae of female navel orangeworm. Two near full-length transcripts of 1469 nt and 1302 nt encoding the complete open reading frames for proteins of 446 and 425 amino acids, respectively, were identified. Based on BLAST homology and phylogenetic analyses, the putative proteins encoded by these transcripts are members of the lepidopteran pheromone receptor subfamily. Characterization of these transcripts indicates that they are alternatively spliced products of a single gene. Tissue expression studies indicate that the transcripts are female-biased with detection mainly in female antennae. To the best of our knowledge, these transcripts represent the first detection of alternatively spliced female-biased members of the lepidopteran pheromone receptor subfamily.
Highlights
The insect chemosensory system is critical for the detection of chemical cues in the environment, processing these signals in the central nervous system and eliciting behavioral responses to these stimuli (Smith, 2007)
Analysis of cDNA and Deduced Amino Acid Sequences of AtraOR4 Transcripts To detect potential pheromone receptor subfamily members expressed in the antennae of female navel orangeworm, degenerate primers and a 3′ Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique was used (Garczynski et al, 2012)
Using degenerate oligonucleotide primers and 3′ RACE (Garczynski et al, 2012), we have identified two transcripts expressed in antennae of female navel orangeworm that encode putative members of the lepidopteran pheromone receptor subfamily
Summary
The insect chemosensory system is critical for the detection of chemical cues in the environment, processing these signals in the central nervous system and eliciting behavioral responses to these stimuli (Smith, 2007). Olfaction plays an important role in mate and host plant seeking behaviors (Depetris-Chauvin et al, 2015). Two major molecular components of the olfactory system are odorant binding proteins, which serve as a link between the external environment to shuttle hydrophobic volatile compounds through the sensillar lymph, and odorant receptors (ORs), which serve as key detectors of olfactants present in the environment and when bound by ligand, play a role in transducing signals along the olfactory neuron (Leal, 2013). The first insect ORs were identified from the Drosophila genome (Clyne et al, 1999; Gao and Chess, 1999; Vosshall et al, 1999) and their structure is quite different from their mammalian counterparts (Bargmann, 2006; Benton, 2006). Because ORs show poor sequence homologies both within and between species, they have been identified mainly through bioinformatic algorithms to scan completed genomes or transcriptome sequences
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