Alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs encoding the nonstructural proteins of minute virus of mice is facilitated by sequences within the downstream intron

Abstract

mRNAs R1 and R2 of the parvovirus minute virus of mice encode the two essential viral regulatory proteins NS1 and NS2. Both RNAs are spliced between map units 44 and 46 (nucleotides 2280 and 2399); R2 RNAs are additionally spliced upstream between map units 10 and 39 (nucleotides 514 and 1989), using a nonconsensus donor and poor 3' splice site. The relative accumulation of R1 and R2 is determined by alternative splicing: there is twice the steady-state accumulation of R2 relative to that of R1 throughout viral infection, though they are generated from the same promoter and have indistinguishable stabilities. Here we demonstrate that efficient excision of the large intron to generate R2 is dependent on at least the initial presence, in P4-generated pre-mRNAs, of sequences within the downstream small intron. This effect is orientation dependent and related to the size of the intervening exon. Prior splicing of the small intron is unnecessary. Excision of the large intron is enhanced by changing its donor site to consensus, but only in the presence of the small intron sequences. Excision of the large intron is also enhanced by improving the polypyrimidine tract within its 3' splice site; however, in contrast, this change renders excision of the large intron independent of the downstream small intron. We suggest that sequences within the small intron play a primary role in efficient excision of the upstream large intron, perhaps as the initial entry site(s) for an element(s) of the splicesome, which stabilizes the binding of required factors to the polypyrimidine tract within the 3' splice site of the large intron.