Alternative seed defence mechanisms in a palo verde (Fabaceae) hybrid zone: effects on bruchid beetle abundance

Abstract

. 1 We asked three questions about the patterns of relative abundance of insect herbivores across host plant taxa at a palo verde hybrid zone. (1) What is the morphological structure of the hybrid zone and does this suggest a certain pattern of introgression? (2) How are putative parental seed defence mechanisms expressed in hybrid plants? (3) Do ovipositing females prefer host plant taxa on which their offspring have best survivorship? 2 Morphologically, hybrids were either intermediate or tended to resemble one parental species. Previous studies have suggested that unidirectional introgression results in loss of parental defence mechanisms against herbivores. Hybrid plants in general lacked seed coat resistance and early pod abscission which are known to act as plant defence mechanisms against bruchid beetles in the parental palo verde trees. 3 All other sources of bruchid mortality that we examined did not vary across parental and hybrid taxa, with the possible exception of egg parasitism which occurred at a lower frequency on one parental palo verde species. 4 Thus, survivorship of bruchid offspring should be greater on hybrid palo verdes. 5 Patterns of egg densities suggested that females may prefer hybrid hosts in some years but not others. An oviposition choice experiment conducted in the field, however, showed bruchids have no preference for hybrids over one of the parental species. 6 These results suggest that some insect herbivores may have higher densities on hybrid host plants because they are less resistant.