Abstract
Increasing consumer awareness of potentially harmful pesticides used in conventional agriculture has prompted organic farming to become notably more prevalent in recent decades. Central European countries are some of the most important producers of blueberries, raspberries and strawberries in the world and organic cultivation methods for these fruits have a significant market share. Fungal pathogens are considered to be the most significant threat to organic crops of berries, causing serious economic losses and reducing yields. In order to ameliorate the harmful effects of pathogenic fungi on cultivations, the application of rapid and effective identification methods is essential. At present, various molecular methods are applied for fungal species recognition, such as PCR, qPCR, LAMP and NGS.
Highlights
Organic fruit production has been increasing constantly in recent decades and has increased its market share in the production of food worldwide
The identification of fungi is more accurate when molecular markers are applied, compared with assignment to the species based only on morphology [64,65] and the technique may be used by personnel without specific taxonomic expertise [66]
Soil-borne diseases are a serious threat to organic berry plantations, severely reducing crop yields
Summary
Organic fruit production has been increasing constantly in recent decades and has increased its market share in the production of food worldwide. The main concerns of food producers are diseases caused by fungi, these pathogens attack plants and fruits from the early stages of sowing to the moment of market sale, thereby causing the unpredictable spoilage of products. Morphological methods of identification have been applied for the purposes of recognizing the causal agents of soil-borne diseases. These traditional methods are time consuming, error-prone and occasionally inaccurate. Because of these disadvantages, more efficient methods, such as adopting analytical techniques which function at the molecular level are being used more frequently. The purpose of this review is to gather together the most important information concerning the molecular methods of identifying important berry pathogens
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