Abstract
The objective of this study was to verify application of two methodologies: substrate moistened with herbicide solution (SM) and immersion of seeds in herbicide solution (IH) for detecting soybean seeds genetically modified. For this, non-transgenic and transgenic soybean seeds, harvested in the 2008/2009 crop seasons were used. The treatments with substrate moistened were: SM1) 0.03% herbicide solution, at 25 ºC, with evaluation in the sixth day (hs -0.03% -25 ºC, 6th d); SM2) HS -0.03% -35 ºC, 5th d; SM3) HS -0.03% - 40 ºC, 5th d; and SM4) hs -0.06% -5 ºC, 5th d. In the methodology of immersion of seeds the following treatments were performed: IH1) seed immersion in a 0.6% herbicide solution, at 25 ºC, for 1 h, (si -0.06% -25 ºC, 1 h; IH2) si -0.06% - 35 ºC, 30 min.; IH3) si -0.06% -40 ºC, 30 min.; IH4) si -0.12% -35 ºC, 30 min.; and IH5) si -0.12% -40 ºC, 30 min. Bioassays allow detecting soybean seeds tolerant to glyphosate herbicide within five days. The seeds of non-genetically modified and genetically modified soybean cultivars may be easily distinguished through the treatments SM2 and SM4 of the moistened substrate methodology; and treatments IH3, IH4, and IH5 of seed immersion methodology. Both methodologies are easily feasible, practical, and applicable in seed analysis laboratories, once do not require special equipments.
Highlights
The cultivation area of genetically modified plants presents accentuated worldwide expansion
Research works have been perfected in the search of methods of differentiation and detection of presence of seeds of soybean cultivar genetically modified (GM) from the cultivars non-genetically modified (NGM), and among them should be emphasized the studies carried out by Torres et al (2003), Funguetto et al (2004), Menezes et al (2004), Tillmann and West (2004), Cunha et al (2005), Bertagnolli et al (2006), and Bervald et al (2010), where bioassays were performed to try to clarify the issue
The seeds were subjected to pre-imbibition in water, during 16 h, and subsequently maintained in contact with substrate moistened with herbicide solution; for the second bioassay, the seeds were not subjected to pre-imbibition and the substrate was maintained permanently moistened with the herbicide solution; and for the third bioassay, the seeds were immersed into the herbicide solutions; since in each one of the three bioassays different concentrations of the herbicide were used
Summary
The cultivation area of genetically modified plants presents accentuated worldwide expansion. Considering the increase in production and commercialization of genetically modified products, increases the importance in identifying and quantifying seeds of plants genetically modified within seed lots of conventional cultivars or seeds of nontransgenic plants within seed lots of genetically modified plants In this sense, research works have been perfected in the search of methods of differentiation and detection of presence of seeds of soybean cultivar genetically modified (GM) from the cultivars non-genetically modified (NGM) , and among them should be emphasized the studies carried out by Torres et al (2003), Funguetto et al (2004), Menezes et al (2004), Tillmann and West (2004), Cunha et al (2005), Bertagnolli et al (2006), and Bervald et al (2010), where bioassays were performed to try to clarify the issue. The authors have still verified that glyphosate causes abnormalities on NGM soybean plants such as: thickening and gradual inhibition of primary root development and emission of secondary roots, among other abnormalities
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