Abstract
Obesity is one of the major health problems worldwide. Following healthy dietary patterns can be difficult in some countries due to the lack of availability of certain foods; thus, alternative foods are needed. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a dietary pattern consisting of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout (FAWGT) on postprandial insulinemia and lipemia in obese Colombian subjects. A randomized controlled crossover study was conducted, in which 44 subjects with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 followed either a FAWGT diet or a diet high in saturated fat and rich in processed carbohydrates. Levels of lipids and carbohydrates were measured during the postprandial state. The FAWGT diet reduced fasting insulin, VLDL, and HOMA-IR after 8 weeks (p < 0.05), while there was a lower postprandial increase in TG, VLDL, and insulin levels after both acute and chronic intake of FAWGT diet (p < 0.05). The intake of FAWGT-diet was characterized by high consumption of foods rich in fiber, MUFAs, and vitamins C and E (p < 0.05). The consumption of a diet composed of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout has emerged as a valid alternative to the foods included in other heart-healthy diets since it improves postprandial lipemia and insulinemia in obese people and has similar beneficial effects to these healthy models.
Highlights
Overweight and obesity constitute a major health problem in the world [1]
One of the main conditions that influences the development of obesity is the postprandial state, the period from the intake of food to its metabolism, in which there is a continuous fluctuation in the degree of lipemia and glycemia
Our aim was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of alternative foods such as fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout, which contain healthy nutrients similar to the specific original foods from Med and Nordic diets, as alternative foods to those included in other healthy models
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared obesity a pandemic after it was reported in 2016 that 39% of the adult population over 18 years old were overweight and 13% were obese [2]. This increased interest in the higher incidence of obesity has arisen because it is the main cause of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and some types of cancer, which in turn increase the mortality rate due to these diseases and generate a heavy economic burden on health systems worldwide [3,4]. The problem arises because in modern life, people often consume foods more than three times a day, so they remain in the postprandial state for most of the day [5,10], without the opportunity to achieve lipid clearance or glucose homeostasis
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