Abstract
On-road driving tests are performed to determine the emission of harmful exhaust compounds from vehicles. These primarily include carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particle number. However, there is a lack of indicators that combine the first three substances that are the most important in assessing the environmental aspects of vehicles. The purpose of this article is to indicate the possibility of assessing emissions in real driving conditions from light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles of different categories. In order to do so, a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) and an instrument for measuring the particle number were used. The tests were carried out on routes designed to comply with the requirements and regulations laid down in the European Union legislation. On-road emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particle number have been determined. Factors have been determined as the multiplication of these compounds for each vehicle category in three phases of the test: urban, rural, and motorway. A new way of assessing emissions from vehicles using new factors has been proposed.
Highlights
The use of advanced technologies in internal combustion engines and their usage in all means of transport exacts a continuous reduction of emissions from these sources of propulsion
The discussed shares of driving phases in the tested passenger vehicles are similar, which allows for comparing other test parameters and exhaust emissions
This article presents the results of comparative tests in real driving conditions of exhaust emissions from passenger vehicles—with a gasoline engine, a diesel engine, and PHEV passenger vehicle
Summary
The use of advanced technologies in internal combustion engines and their usage in all means of transport exacts a continuous reduction of emissions from these sources of propulsion. As part of its strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the European Union has introduced carbon dioxide limits for new passenger vehicles and light commercial vehicles. Passenger vehicles and light commercial vehicles are responsible for, respectively, roughly 12% and 2.5% of total carbon dioxide emissions in the EU [1]. In 2019, The European Parliament and Council adopted Regulation (EU) 2019/631 [2] setting carbon dioxide emission performance standards for new passenger vehicles and for new light commercial vehicles. By 2023 the Commission will evaluate the possibility of developing a common method for assessing and reporting carbon dioxide emissions in the whole life cycle of passenger vehicles and light commercial vehicles [1]
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