Abstract
The Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB) concept emerged twenty years ago, particularly with the aim to build alternative organizations of the plant breeding activities in developing countries. It now as well questions the developed countries, in the frame of a more global expectation to make all the stakeholders more involved in the agricultural production, from the farmers to its final clients. We discuss here some of the questions addressed by this trend with regard to the definition of the ideotype: (a) different forms of PPB? (b) changing the paradigm: Client Oriented Breeding? (c) a new way to manage {genotype * environment} interactions? (d) mainly societal concerns at stake? (e) biodiversity and ideotypes. As the same key, technical, limiting factors are involved in both PPB and classical breeding, it is suggested to consider PPB as one of the ways in the frame of a general expectation for diversification, thus eventually resulting in the promotion of alternative ideotypes, rather than an alternative process.
Highlights
The concept of agroecology was initially aiming at including the scientific and technical aspects of ecology in the global process of agriculture
As pointed out in a recent report from the Joined Ethical Committee from Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), CIRAD and IFREMER (Advice 11, 2018), it progressively moved towards accounting for social sciences, i.e. the need to associate a wider range of stakeholders, including consumers and farmers, in the definition of the objectives, methods and technologies of agricultural activities
The Report of the European Community FOOD 2030 Independent Expert Group (2018) pointed out, among four priorities, the link between “innovation and empowerment of communities”, and that “the transformation of the food system should make it more sustainable, resilient, responsible, diverse (i.e. “being open to a wide range of technologies, practices, approaches, cultures and business models”), competitive and inclusive (i.e. “engaging everyone involved in the food system, plus civil society, fighting food poverty, and providing healthy food for all”)”
Summary
The growing interest for biodiversity as a key resource to make possible the adaptation of human needs in a rapidly evolving world reinforced the point of view considering that any cultivar should intrinsically contain enough genetic variability to. After Desclaux et al (2013), this article addresses the question whether PPB approaches should modify, enrich, or even make irrelevant the concept of ideotype in plant breeding
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