Alternating-current nonlinear electrokinetics in microfluidic insulator-decorated bipolar electrochemistry

Abstract

We proposed herein a unique method of insulator-decorated bipolar electrochemistry (IDBE), for realizing large-scale separation of bioparticles in microchannels driven by AC dielectrophoresis (DEP). In IDBE, a pair of planar driving electrodes is placed at the bottom of channel sidewalls, between which an array of the rectangular floating electrode (FE) strips without external Ohmic contact are evenly spaced along transversal direction, and a series of insulating dielectric blocks are periodically deposited above all the inter-electrode gaps and in full contact with the channel bottom surface. By creating local field maximum and minimum at multiple sites, IDBE extends well the actuating range of DEP force field from the immediate vicinity of electrode tips in traditional bipolar electrochemistry to current fluid bulk. Considering DEP force plays the dominant role around 1 MHz, we utilize Lagrange particle tracing algorithm to calculate motion trajectories of incoming samples for testing the feasibility of microchip in continuous separation of live and dead yeast cells. By applying suitable voltage parameters, highly efficient DEP sorting is theoretically achievable under a moderate inlet flow rate, where most of the viable yeasts are trapped by positive-DEP to sharp dielectric edges, while all the incoming nonviable yeasts are repelled by negative-DEP to the top surface of both FE and insulating block to form multiple thin beams co-flowing into the channel outlet. The microfluidic device exploiting insulators on bipolar FE effectively expands the actuating range of nonlinear electrodynamics and provides invaluable guidelines for developing flexible electrokinetic frameworks in modern microfluidic systems.