Abstract
Water and organic amendments are the most important factors controlling methane (CH ) emissions from paddy fields. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) in rice cultivation improve water productivity (WP), minimize methane emission, but might increase nitrous oxide emissions (N O). The effects of combined water management and organic manure application on methane and nitrous oxide emission, rice yield are not well documented. The objective of this experiment was to determine rice cultivation technology that can improve productivity and reduce GHG emissions on rice field. The Inpari 32 rice cultivar was used in this study. Closed chamber methods were used for measuring emissions of greenhouse gases. Our results showed that, in comparison with continuous flooding, the AWD significantly reduced total global warming potential (GWP) by 13–17%. The AWD technique increased grain yields by 6-7% compared with those of CF. The AWD technique reduced CH (14–18%) and increased water productivity by 7–12% compared to CF system, along an 18–23% reduction in GHG intensity (GHGI). In conclusion, AWD technique and soil amendment with farmyard manure could be effectively used in greenhouse gas mitigation strategies for reducing GHG emission, GWP, and GHGI without sacrificing rice yield.
Highlights
The challenge of agriculture to fulfill food needs is even more remarkable because of an increase in population and the threat of climate change
Drought will become more critical as a result of climate change's implications on water resources for agriculture
The AWD technique significantly reduced total global warming potential (GWP) by 13–17% compared to CF
Summary
The challenge of agriculture to fulfill food needs is even more remarkable because of an increase in population and the threat of climate change. Drought will become more critical as a result of climate change's implications on water resources for agriculture. In crop cultivation and food security, water availability is a limiting factor [1]. Water scarcity would affect roughly 2 million hectares of dry land and 13 million hectares of irrigated land by 2025 [2]. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), on the other hand, are the most significant contributions to greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture [3]. The three gases are converted to equivalent CO2 (CO2-e), which indicates how much each gas contributes to the greenhouse effect compared to CO2 [4]
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