Abstract
Remorins are plant specific proteins found in plasma membrane microdomains (termed lipid or membrane rafts) and plasmodesmata. A potato remorin is reported to be involved in negatively regulating potexvirus movement and plasmodesmal permeability. In this study, we isolated cDNAs of tobacco remorins (NtREMs) and examined roles of an NtREM in infection by tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). Subcellular localization analysis using fluorescently tagged NtREM, ToMV, and viral replication and movement proteins (MPs) indicated that virus infection and transient expression of the viral proteins promoted the formation of NtREM aggregates by altering the subcellular distribution of NtREM, which was localized uniformly on the plasma membrane under normal conditions. NtREM aggregates were often observed associated closely with endoplasmic reticulum networks and bodies of the 126K replication and MPs. The bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay indicated that NtREM might interact directly with the MP on the plasma membrane and around plasmodesmata. In addition, transient overexpression of NtREM facilitated ToMV cell-to-cell movement. Based on these results, we discuss possible roles of the tobacco remorin in tobamovirus movement.
Highlights
Genome replication and intercellular movement of plant viruses depend on various types of host cellular organelles and membrane structures (Heinlein, 2015)
All of the NtREMb homologs encode proteins with the above-mentioned two extra amino acids, these results suggested that NtREMa and NtREMb in tobacco, which should be orthologous between its parental species, were derived from N. tomentosiformis and N. sylvestris, respectively
Since our BiFC analysis indicated that Nt(sNN)REM1.2 could interact directly with movement proteins (MPs) on the plasma membrane, we examined whether the two proteins are co-localized at plasmodesmata that are lined with the plasma membrane by observing N. benthamiana cells co-expressing NtREM-DsRed and MP-YFP at 24 hpb
Summary
Genome replication and intercellular (cell-to-cell) movement of plant viruses depend on various types of host cellular organelles and membrane structures (Heinlein, 2015). Regarding virus-host interactions at molecular levels, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and its closely related Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV, formerly TMV-L strain), belonging to the genus Tobamovirus, are well-studied plant viruses. Both viruses encode at least four proteins: the 126-kDa (126K) and 183-kDa (183K) proteins involved in genome replication, the 30-kDa movement protein (MP) indispensable for movement through plasmodesmata (cytoplasmic channels connecting adjacent cells), and the coat protein (CP) (Heinlein, 2002; Ishikawa and Okada, 2004). CP is required for systemic infection but dispensable for viral replication and intercellular movement (Meshi et al, 1987)
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