Altered Rheological Properties of Blood following Administrations of Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Streptokinase in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Tissue blood flow is determined by rheological properties of blood as well as by vascular resistance. In acute myocardial infarction patients who participated in the TIMI I trial, we compared the effects of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and streptokinase (SK) on blood rheological properties and plasma fibrinogen concentration. Blood viscosity was determined by using a coaxial cylinder viscometer at shear rates, gamma, of 0.01-200 sec-1. Red blood cell (RBC) deformability was studied by filtration through polycarbonate microsieves with pore size of 3 and 5 microns. Therapy with rt-PA resulted in slight decreases but statistically significant in blood viscosity from 5.2 +/- 0.5 to 4.9 +/- 0.4 cP (gamma = 52 sec-1), plasma viscosity from 1.36 +/- 0.09 to 1.32 +/- 0.06 cP, and plasma fibrinogen from 0.26 +/- 0.04 to 0.21 +/- 0.03 g/dl. SK therapy resulted in reductions in blood viscosity from 5.1 +/- 0.5 to 4.6 +/- 0.3 cP, plasma viscosity from 1.26 +/- 0.10 to 1.16 +/- 0.03 cP, and fibrinogen from 0.26 +/- 0.06 to 0.10 +/- 0.05 g/dl. Changes observed with SK were significantly greater than those observed with rt-PA (all p less than 0.05), and the differences persisted at 10 days after thrombolytic therapy. RBC deformability was similar in the two groups. The greater reduction of blood viscosity after SK than rt-PA suggests that, for a given degree of arterial patency, myocardial blood flow may be better maintained with SK than rt-PA in patients with acute myocardial infarction.