Abstract
This study investigates the in vivo cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized at industrial scale with embryonic Zebrafish. Industrial synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was mimicked at lab scale by high energy ball milling technique by milling bulk ZnO particles for 15 h. Synthesized 7 h and 10 h ZnO nanoparticles showed significant alteration of size, zeta potential and optical properties in comparison to Bulk ZnO. Mortality and hatching rate in Zebrafish embryos were influenced by these alterations. Size and charge dependent effect of ZnO nanoparticles exposure on physiology and development of Zebrafish embryos were evident by malfunctioned organ development and abnormal heartbeat rate. Similar dependency on quenching of ROS due to influential hydrogen bond interaction with glycine residue of Sod1 oxidative stress protein and increased apoptosis were observed in cells. The study revealed the mechanism of cytotoxicity in exposed embryonic Zebrafish as an effect of accumulation and internalization inside cells instigating to generation of hypoxic condition and interference with the normal adaptive stress regulation signaling pathways leading towards enhanced apoptosis. The study revealed hidden size and charge dependent in vivo cytotoxicity mechanism of ZnO nanoparticles in Zebrafish embryos insight of the environmental and clinical importance of attention on industrially synthesized ZnO nanoparticles.
Highlights
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been recognized as one of the most attentive nanoparticles in last few decades of nanotechnology science
ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by High energy ball milling (HEBM) technique as prototype of industrial scale synthesis and their in vivo cytotoxicity was investigated for the first time to show their impact in real case
To analyze the toxicity of industrially synthesized ZnO nanoparticles, HEBM technique was used as prototype of industrial process
Summary
ZnO nanoparticles have been recognized as one of the most attentive nanoparticles in last few decades of nanotechnology science. It has been reported to induce changes in electrical and optical properties along with morphological and structural alterations Due to this high reliability and perfectness, HEBM technique is used in industries for large scale production of nanoparticles. It has been stated that cytotoxicity of Zinc oxide nanoparticles is dependent on their shape, size and other physiochemical properties and it affects the morphological development and cellular metabolism in Zebrafish and mice[59,60] These investigation reports are based upon the testing of ZnO nanoparticles prepared at lab scale through different methods. ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by HEBM technique as prototype of industrial scale synthesis and their in vivo cytotoxicity was investigated for the first time to show their impact in real case. In vivo cytotoxicity of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles was determined at cellular and physiological level with the help of Zebrafish model and the probable mechanism was discussed insight of experimental and computational observation and previous reports
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