Abstract
Background: An early and correct diagnosis is crucial for treatment of unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar disorder (BD). The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) has been widely used in the study of neuropsychiatric diseases, as it can detect spontaneous brain activities. This study was conducted to survey changes of fALFF within various frequency bands of the UD and BD patients, as well as to explore the effects on changes in fALFF on cognitive function.Methods: In total, 58 drug-naive first-episode patients, including 32 UD and 26 BD, were enrolled in the study. The fALFF values were calculated under slow-5 band (0.01–0.027 Hz) and slow-4 band (0.027–0.073 Hz) among UD patients, BD patients, and healthy control (HC). Additionally, we conducted correlation analyses to examine the association between altered fALFF values and cognitive function.Results: Under the slow-5 band, compared to the HC group, the UD group showed increased fALFF values in the right cerebellum posterior lobe, whereas the BD group showed increased fALFF values in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Under the slow-4 band, in comparison to HC, the UD group showed increased fALFF values in the left superior temporal gyrus, whereas the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and BD group showed increased fALFF values in the bilateral postcentral gyrus. Notably, compared to BD, the UD group showed increased fALFF values in the right IPL under the slow-4 band. Furthermore, altered fALFF values in the left MTG and the right IPL were significantly positively correlated with Verbal Fluency Test scores.Conclusions: This current study indicated that there were changes in brain activities in the early UD and BD groups, and changes were related to executive function. The fALFF values can serve as potential biomarker to diagnose and differentiate UD and BD patients.
Highlights
Unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are highly disabling diseases that seriously impact the patients’ quality of life and are associated with high suicide rates [1, 2]
Under the slow-4 band, the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) values of the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) served as a potential biological marker in order to identify the BD and UD groups
The present study revealed that the fALFF values under slow-4 and slow-5 bands play an important and different role in the identification and diagnosis of the very early BD and UD
Summary
Unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are highly disabling diseases that seriously impact the patients’ quality of life and are associated with high suicide rates [1, 2]. Studies have shown that about 60% of BD patients are initially misdiagnosed as UD, and they are treated differently, which can cause serious consequences, including inducing manic episodes and emotional instability. These disabling consequences are often associated with abnormal use of antidepressants [8, 9]. This study was conducted to survey changes of fALFF within various frequency bands of the UD and BD patients, as well as to explore the effects on changes in fALFF on cognitive function
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