Abstract
Functional connectivity of the primary visual cortex was explored with resting functional magnetic resonance imaging among adults with strabismus and amblyopia and healthy controls. We used the two-sample test and receiver operating characteristic curves to investigate the differences in mean functional connectivity values between the groups with strabismus and amblyopia and healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, functional connectivity values in the left Brodmann areas 17, including bilateral lingual/angular gyri, were reduced in groups with strabismus and amblyopia. Moreover, functional connectivity values in the right Brodmann area 17, including left cuneus, right inferior occipital gyrus, and left inferior parietal lobule, were reduced in adults with strabismus and amblyopia. Our findings indicate that functional connectivity abnormalities exist between the primary visual cortex and other regions. This may be the basis of the pathological mechanism of visual dysfunction and stereovision disorders in adults with strabismus and amblyopia.
Highlights
Strabismus and amblyopia (SA) are visual developmental disorders, which may occur during childhood [1]
We found no significant correlations between the average functional connectivity (FC) value of specific brain areas in adults with SA and visual acuity (p > 0.05)
The areas under the curve were as follows: (A) left lingual gyrus, 0.910 (p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval [Confidence interval (CI)], 0.813– 1.000); right lingual gyrus, 0.883 (p < 0.001; 95% CI, 0.758– 1.000); right angular gyrus, 0.813 (p = 0.003; 95% CI, 0.652– 0.973); left angular gyrus, 0.844 (p = 0.001; 95% CI, 0.709– 0.979) (ROI in left Brodmann area 17 (BA17)). (B) Left cuneus, 0.914 (p < 0.001; 95% CI, 0.815–1.000); right inferior occipital gyrus, 0.902 (p < 0.001; 95% CI, 0.791–1.000); left inferior parietal lobule, 0.816 (p = 0.002; 95% CI, 0.671–0.962) (ROI in right BA17)
Summary
Strabismus and amblyopia (SA) are visual developmental disorders, which may occur during childhood [1]. Strabismus is the relative deviation of the visual axis, and there are a variety of methods by which it can be classified. The mainstream classification method is to categorize it as esotropia, exotropia, vertical rotary strabismus, or A-V pattern strabismus, according to the oblique direction of eye movement. It can be classified according to abnormal eye movements [2]. During the critical period of visual development, the abnormal visual experience can cause developmental diseases of the visual system, including amblyopia. Amblyopia is characterized by reduced best-corrected vision in one or both eyes, without associated ocular organic lesions [3]. Strabismus and amblyopia do affect visual function and appearance but can seriously affect the psychosocial health of patients [7–9]
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