Alterations of the Chemical Compositions, Surface Functionalities, and Nitrogen Structures of Cage Layer Chicken Manure by Carbonization to Improve Nitrogen Bioavailability in Soil

Moses Ahmed Daramy,Ryoka Kawada,Shinya Oba

doi:10.3390/agronomy10071031

Moses Ahmed Daramy, Ryoka Kawada + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10071031

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Abstract

Carbonization of cage layer chicken manure (CLCM) can improve its bio-recalcitrance which might improve nitrogen (N) bioavailability in soil. However, temperature(s) to exhibit appropriate variations in the chemical makeup of the manure during carbonization in order to achieve this objective is unknown. In this study, we investigated the alterations in chemical compositions, surface functionalities, and N speciation initiated by different carbonization temperatures (350, 500, and 650 °C) and the effects of these alterations on N bioavailability in soil. The objective was to identify suitable temperature condition(s) for the conversion of CLCM into a carbonized product of appropriate bio-recalcitrance that is capable of improving N bioavailability in soil more than the un-carbonized CLCM. The results showed an increased bio-recalcitrance of the manure with increasing carbonization temperatures due to drastic changes in the chemical makeup and accumulation of heterocyclic aromatic N structures. Subsequently, these alterations in the chemical makeup and state of the organic N species in the manure affected N bioavailability in soil. Notably, N bioavailability of CLCM and benefits on plants were improved when soil was supplied with CLCM that was altered at 350 °C. With these observations, we concluded that alterations in chemical and surface structural compositions and N speciation at 350 °C are optimum for instituting the required bio-recalcitrance to CLCM in order to improve N bioavailability in soil for plants.

Highlights

The importance of livestock manure as a source of nutrient for crop productivity has long been acknowledged
Alterations in Chemical Properties, Aromaticity, and Stability of Chicken manure (CM) during Carbonization at Elemental contents (N, C, H, and O) of CM were altered with increasing carbonization temperature (Table 1)
Carbonization of cage layer chicken manure (CLCM) at increasing temperatures resulted in increased alterations in the chemical makeup of the manure

Summary

Introduction

The importance of livestock manure as a source of nutrient for crop productivity has long been acknowledged. Chicken manure (CM), and especially cage layer chicken manure (CLCM), is a concentrated plant food that contained the highest nitrogen (N) content when compared to other livestock manure commonly used as nutrient source [1]. The high N value of CLCM is due to the absence of litter and the relatively high crude protein content in the diet formulation [4]. This high quality coupled with a very low C/N ratio creates a condition of rapid decomposition of the manure, which can cause negative environmental and agronomic effects [5].

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