Abstract
BackgroundInterstitial Cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder with unknown etiology. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbial community present in the urine from IC female patients by 454 high throughput sequencing of the 16S variable regions V1V2 and V6. The taxonomical composition, richness and diversity of the IC microbiota were determined and compared to the microbial profile of asymptomatic healthy female (HF) urine.ResultsThe composition and distribution of bacterial sequences differed between the urine microbiota of IC patients and HFs. Reduced sequence richness and diversity were found in IC patient urine, and a significant difference in the community structure of IC urine in relation to HF urine was observed. More than 90% of the IC sequence reads were identified as belonging to the bacterial genus Lactobacillus, a marked increase compared to 60% in HF urine.ConclusionThe 16S rDNA sequence data demonstrates a shift in the composition of the bacterial community in IC urine. The reduced microbial diversity and richness is accompanied by a higher abundance of the bacterial genus Lactobacillus, compared to HF urine. This study demonstrates that high throughput sequencing analysis of urine microbiota in IC patients is a powerful tool towards a better understanding of this enigmatic disease.
Highlights
Interstitial Cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder with unknown etiology
Interstitial Cystitis or Painful Bladder Syndrome (IC/ PBS) is a chronic condition characterized by frequent urination and bladder pain, which often results in reduced quality of life
We have shown that healthy female (HF) urine is a complex milieu with many different bacteria present
Summary
Interstitial Cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder with unknown etiology. Interstitial Cystitis or Painful Bladder Syndrome (IC/ PBS) is a chronic condition characterized by frequent urination and bladder pain, which often results in reduced quality of life Clinicians experience that this disease is becoming more prevalent [1]. Investigators have used PCR, cloning and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing to search for pathogenic agents in bladder biopsies and urine specimens of IC patients [6,7,8,9,10,11], but with conflicting results Some of these studies have indicated that women with IC may have a higher prevalence of bacteria in the urine than those without IC [6,8,9]
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