Alterations of immune status in liver transplant patients with sepsis

Abstract

To explore the alterations of immune status in liver transplant recipients with sepsis so as to provide rationales for the adjustments of immunosuppressive agents. A total of 47 cases complicated with sepsis after abdominal operations from January 2009 to December 2010 were divided into 4 groups according to the type of operations and the stage of sepsis: A. sepsis after transplantation (TS, n = 11), B. severe sepsis after transplantation (TSS, n = 10), C. sepsis without transplantation (NTS, n = 15) and D. severe sepsis without transplantation (NTSS, n = 11). Ten healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. Blood samples were collected from these patients to measure the immunological parameters associated with T lymphocyte. The APACHII and SOFA score of TSS group and NTSS group were both higher than TS group and NTS group respectively (all P < 0.01). In addition, SOFA score in TSS group was significantly higher than that in NTSS group (17.0 ± 4.5 vs 12.1 ± 2.8, P < 0.01). The percentages of T cell in 4 groups were all significantly lower than healthy volunteers (all P < 0.01). The CD4/CD8 ratio was slightly lower in the TSS group than those in the control group and the other three groups (P = 0.095). As compared with the control group, the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios were significant lower in the TSS and NTSS groups (0.039 ± 0.012, 0.047 ± 0.018 vs 0.062 ± 0.006) while the level of IL-10 was higher ((32.6 ± 7.5), (25.9 ± 4.3) vs (8.2 ± 1.4) ng/L, all P < 0.05). And the difference was more significant in the TSS group. As compared with the healther, the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)Treg was lower in NTS group (2.21% ± 0.96% vs 4.06% ± 0.52%, P < 0.01), and significantly higher in NTSS group (8.02% ± 3.57% vs 4.06% ± 0.52%, P = 0.003). No significant difference existed in the percentage of Treg between the TS and control groups (P = 0.398). And it was significantly higher that in the TSS group (5.16% ± 0.99% vs 4.06% ± 0.52%, P = 0.006). But the magnitude of increase level was not so great as that in the NTSS group. The changes of Foxp3 mRNA demonstrated the similar trend as the percentage of Treg. The immune states of transplant recipients with sepsis are comparable with healthy persons during sepsis. It may subsequently develop into serious immunosuppression. Immunosuppressant should be withdrawn in severe sepsis stage so as to reconstitute the immune system.