Alterations in serum IL-6 levels in traumatized pediatric patients: A preliminary study for second hit concept

Abstract

BackgroundThe inflammatory response of pediatric patients to multiple injuries can be monitored by serum interleukin-6 levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the severity of the inflammatory response accordingly interleukin-6 (IL-6) which have not been evaluated before. MethodsThere were 30 patients with an isolated long-bone fracture in group 1 and 49 patients with multi-system injury with at least a fracture in group-2. In group-2 were divided into two subgroups according to MISS (cut-off value = 17). Group-3 was composed of 100 healthy children as the control group to determine the normal range of serum IL-6 levels. In group-2, blood samples were taken on the 3rd, 5th, and 10th days, and if the patient was operated, additional samples were taken before the surgery and on the postoperative 1st, 5th, and 10th days. The relationship between trauma severity and serum IL-6 levels was analyzed statistically. ResultsMean serum IL-6 levels were 16.1, 46.4, 74.2 and 8.6 pg/mL respectively (group-1, -2A, -2B, and -3). There was a moderate correlation between MISS and IL-6 (p < 0.001). In group-2A, mean serum IL-6 levels were 13.9 pg/mL on the 3rd day and 9.1 on the 10th day. In group-2B they were 15.4 and 4.7 pg/mL, respectively. Also, for the patients undergoing surgically in group-2A, they were 36.0 pg/mL before the surgery, 33.2 on the 1st day, and 6.0 on the 10th day. For group-2B, they were 39.3, 37.4, and 7.9 pg/mL, respectively. ConclusionIt was determined that serum IL-6 levels were significantly increased with increasing trauma severity. Systemic inflammation specified by IL-6 could decrease to almost normal on the 3rd day, and regress to normal on the following days. The concept of “second hit impact following surgical procedure” may also be kept in mind in children as in adults considering these alterations.