Abstract
Cytokine and hormone concentrations can be linked to the manipulation of training variables and to subsequent alterations in performance. Subjects: Nine D-1 collegiate throwers and 4 control subjects participated in this preliminary and exploratory report. Methods: Hormone (testosterone (T) and cortisol (C)) and adipokine (adiponectin, leptin, and resistin) measurements were taken at weeks 1, 7, and 11 for the throwers and weeks 1 and 11 for the control group. The throwers participated in an 11-week periodized resistance training and throws program during the fall preparatory period. Volume load was recorded throughout the study. Results: Hormone values did not exhibit statistically significant changes across time; however, there were notable changes for C, the testosterone to cortisol ratio (T:C), and adiponectin. Conclusions: T:C was increased as volume load decreased, and adiponectin increased in concert with decreases in C and increases in the T:C, possibly suggesting a lesser degree of obesity-related inflammation and a higher degree of “fitness” and preparedness.
Highlights
Training is a process in which a stimulus is applied, and with proper planning and associated recovery, adaptations can occur
Adiponectin appears to be positively correlated with non-obesity-related inflammatory conditions [10] and inflammation in tissues such as the joint synovium and colonic epithelium. This indicates that adiponectin may be regulated in the opposite direction in tissue-specific versus obesity-associated inflammatory conditions [10]. These findings suggest that all inflammation is not the same or at least is produced as a result of differing mechanisms
No statistically significant differences were found between the control group and the throwers when analyzing resting T, C, adiponectin, leptin, and resistin blood concentrations
Summary
Training is a process in which a stimulus is applied, and with proper planning and associated recovery, adaptations can occur. Chronic fatigue can potentially lead to the development of overtraining syndrome, where prolonged periods of high volume or intense training begin to result in otherwise unexplained deteriorations in performance along with symptoms such as fatigue, depression, muscle and joint discomfort, reduced appetite, and disrupted sleep [1,2]. While nonfunctional overreaching is ideally avoided, it is acute and less severe than overtraining syndrome (OTS), which is a chronic issue that requires a substantial de-loading period to return to baseline [3,4]. Cadegiani and Kater [3] describe that the general hormone symptomology between overreaching (functional and nonfunctional) and OTS can be similar (e.g., increased cortisol); important differences can exist in the magnitude and time course. The monitoring of biochemical markers may offer some insight into how an athlete is responding to the training process
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
