Abstract
The species complex of the mosquito Anopheles subpictus is designated by the sibling species A–D, depending on morphological characters of life cycle stages and variations in polytene chromosomes. However, morphological aberrations in the life cycle stages make the identification of sibling species uncertain and imprecise. The objective of the present study is to determine the suitability of morphological variations of sibling species and their genomic variations to identify the sibling species status of an An. subpictus population in Sri Lanka. Life cycle stages of larvae, pupal exuviae, and adults were examined for previously reported distinctive morphological features. Five nuclear and mitochondrial genome regions, including the Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region, D3 region, white gene, cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), and Cytochrome b (Cyt-b), were sequenced and analyzed for variations. The eggs changed their distinct sibling morphological characters during metamorphosis (89.33%). The larvae, pupal exuviae, and adult stages showed deviation from their sibling characters by 26.10%, 19.71%, and 15.87%, respectively. However, all the species from the analysis shared two distinct sequence types for all regions, regardless of the morphological variations. In conclusion, the An. subpictus sibling species complex in Sri Lanka is not identifiable using morphological characters due to variations, and the genomic variations are independent from the morphological variations.
Highlights
The Anopheles (Cellia) subpictus sensu lato (s.l.) Grassi 1899 species complex is the most abundant anopheline mosquito in the Indian subcontinent [1,2]
The results suggest that the An. subpictus sibling species [6] are distributed in five study locations, which are dry (Puttalam, Batticaloa) and intermediate (Chilaw, Kurunegala, Monaragala) climatic zones in Sri Lanka
Morphological variations previously designated in the An. subpictus sibling species [13,14,15] and additional variations observed in the current study were commonly found from all locations
Summary
The Anopheles (Cellia) subpictus sensu lato (s.l.) Grassi 1899 species complex is the most abundant anopheline mosquito in the Indian subcontinent [1,2]. It acts as a vector for malaria and Japanese encephalitis in many parts of Asia [2]. The occurrence of two distinct types of eggs and cytological evidence has temporarily designated two forms of An. subpictus sibling species as A and B in India [5] This taxon has further been categorized as a complex of four sibling species—designated as A, B, C, and D—based
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