Abstract
Aims:Endox® Endodontic System (Endox) is used for endodontic treatment by a high frequency alternating current (HFAC). This device damaged the envelopes of spores and vegetative organisms. If the integrity of the envelope is compromised, the transit of compounds in the two directions is possible. This latter aspect was investigated here. Methods: The instrument delivered a 60ms pulse at a frequency 300 kHz, and power 800 KV/m. DNA transfer was verified using Escherichia coli K-12 strain carrying a non conjugative plasmid pBP517 (gyrA+) as donor and a rifampicin and nalidixic acid resistant recipient. 0.2 ml of mixture of donor and recipient strains in saline was exposed to HFAC and plated on selective media. Uptake of antimicrobials and a delay in re-growth was assessed exposing the strains to HFAC. Results:Plasmid transfer was detected under different experimental conditions. From 9 to 27 recombinants were found. Representative recombinants cured from plasmid showed the original phenotype. HFAC promoted the uptake of ineffective antibiotics, and induces a 1 h of delay in re-growth on the strains. Conclusions:Endox exhibited an effect on microrganisms which is reminiscent with that occuring in electroporation, but with a mode of action that saved materials and time.
Highlights
Endox is an innovative method for the treatment of bacterial infections of the root canal [1]
The mode by which this instrument causes the death of the bacteria is not known, the damages generated by this high frequency alternating current are reminiscent with that observed with traditional electroporation methods [4]
Exchange of Genetic Material Between Two E. coli Strains after Exposure to HAFC
Summary
Endox is an innovative method for the treatment of bacterial infections of the root canal [1]. The mode by which this instrument causes the death of the bacteria is not known, the damages generated by this high frequency alternating current are reminiscent with that observed with traditional electroporation methods [4]. It has been assumed, that Endox kills bacteria by inducing pore formation and other defects in the envelope of the exposed organisms. If this hypothesis is correct, bacteria treated with HFAC generated by this apparatus could acquire genetic material or any sort of compound from the environ-
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