Alteration of Gut Microbiota in EDCs-Induced Metabolic Disorders

Abstract

There are over 103–104 microorganisms that inhabit gut microbiome. Together gut microbiome consists of 150 times more genes as compared to that of human genome. Therefore, it is considered as an “organ.” Due to several factors gut dysbiosis occurs and it might result in neurobehavioral, immunological, gastrointestinal disorders, obesity, and diabetes. Changes in gut microbiota favor more pathogenic species and these species can result in producing such kind of host diseases that produce various factors that have their role in virulence, such as LPS (lipopolysaccharide). One of the most important originating factors that undergo dysbiosis in gut microbiota is endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). At present, endocrine-disrupting chemicals are found in many products that are being used in our daily life including cosmetics, plastic bottles, metal cans, toys, pesticides, and in the production of food. These EDCs impede the synthesis, secretion, transport, elimination, and activity of many natural hormones. This kind of interfering ability of EDCs can block or inhibit the action of hormones and finally persuade a wide range of harmful effects that may be metabolic and immunological, cardiovascular, developmental, neurological, and reproductive. The increased accumulating evidence of EDCs in our environment as persistent organic pollutants, bisphenol A, and phthalates may also illustrate their important role in the occurrence of metabolic diseases (obesity, T2D, and metabolic syndrome). This chapter will provide us information that how EDCs can influence the gut microbiome and finally lead to the development of metabolic disorders.KeywordsEDCs-induced diabetesGut dysbiosisEDCs-induced obesityEndocrine-disrupting chemicals