Alteration of Cardiac Performance and Serum B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Level in Healthy Aging

Abstract

BackgroundThe impact of aging on cardiac function is not fully elucidated. Speckle-tracking echocardiography can unmask subclinical cardiac dysfunction. ObjectivesThis study investigated the impact of healthy aging on left ventricular (LV), right ventricular (RV), and left atrial (LA) performance and their relationship with serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in a sample of the general population without prevalent cardiovascular risk factors and structural heart disease. MethodsSpeckle-tracking echocardiography was performed to assess LV global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), RV free wall strain, and LA phasic strain in 481 normal weight healthy participants who underwent extensive cardiovascular examination. Elevated BNP was defined as BNP >37.82 pg/ml for men and >50.86 pg/ml for women, which was the 90th percentile of BNP value distribution in the study population. ResultsMean age was 60 ± 12 years (range: 24 to 86 years), and 46% of the participants were men. The earliest alteration of age-related cardiac performance was observed in LA reservoir and conduit strain starting from decade 5, followed by elevated E/e′ from decade 6. LVGLS decreased starting from decade 7, whereas there were no significant differences in RV strain, LV ejection fraction, or LV mass index across the decades. In the multivariable linear regression analyses, age was an independent predictor of decreased LVGLS (standardized β = 0.21; p < 0.001) and decreased LA phasic strain (standardized β = −0.40 and −0.61 for reservoir and conduit strain; both p < 0.001). Age and LA strain were significantly associated with elevated BNP values (adjusted odds ratios: 1.10 and 0.93; both p < 0.05, respectively), independent of ventricular morphology and function. ConclusionsDecreases in LA reservoir and conduit strain are the earliest markers of age-related cardiac remodeling, and LA reservoir strain is an independent predictor of elevated serum BNP level, with both possibly being markers of increased risk of heart failure in older adults.