Alteration of Blood Parameters and Histoarchitecture of Liver and Kidney of Silver Barb after Chronic Exposure to Quinalphos.

Golam Mohammod Mostakim,M Sadiqul Islam,Mahbuba Monir Mishu,Md Khalilur Rahman,Md Mahiuddin Zahangir

doi:10.1155/2015/415984

Abstract

Quinalphos (QP) is commonly used for pest control in the agricultural fields surrounding freshwater reservoirs. This study was conducted to evaluate the chronic toxicity of this pesticide on blood parameters and some organs of silver barb, Barbonymus gonionotus. Fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations, 0.47 ppm and 0.94 ppm, of QP for a period of 28 days. All the blood parameters (red blood cell, hematocrit, and hemoglobin) and blood glucose except for white blood cells decreased with increasing concentration of toxicant and become significantly lower (p < 0.05) at higher concentration when compared with control. The derived hematological indices of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were equally altered compared to control. Histoarchitectural changes of liver and kidney were observed after exposure to the QP. Hypertrophy of hepatocytes, mild to severe necrosis, ruptured central vein, and vacuolation were observed in the liver of treated groups. Highly degenerated kidney tubules and hematopoietic tissue, degeneration of renal corpuscle, vacuolization, and necrosis were evident in the kidney of treated groups. In conclusion, chronic exposure to QP at sublethal concentrations induced hematological and histological alterations in silver barb and offers a simple tool to evaluate toxicity derived alterations.

Highlights

Synthetic pesticides used for controlling pests in agriculture are one of the major causes of aquatic pollution
Sometimes pesticides are directly applied in water bodies for controlling pests and vectors but their residues mostly reach into aquatic ecosystems through surface run off and affect the health of nontarget organisms including fish
It was concluded that the median lethal concentration (LC50) of silver barb is between 2 and 20 ppm of QP

Summary

Introduction

Synthetic pesticides used for controlling pests in agriculture are one of the major causes of aquatic pollution. Organophosphates are widely used in agriculture and in health and hygiene programs due to their high effectiveness as insecticide but less persistence in the environment They are favoured over organochlorines which have long persistence and bioaccumulate in food chain. Quinalphos 25EC (QP) is an organophosphate extensively used as a pesticide [2] It is classified as a yellow label (highly toxic) pesticide in the Indian subcontinent and extensively used in agriculture for protection of variety of crops, such as wheat, rice, coffee, sugarcane, and cotton. It is a hard pesticide, which has become a matter of concern because of its potential and hazardous effect. Effects of quinalphos on histopathological alterations were studied in the vital organs like brain, gill, and liver [3], in respiratory rate and food consumption [4], in neurobehavioral responses [5] of Cyprinus carpio, and so forth

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